Allergic Respiratory Diseases

Allergic Respiratory Diseases are conditions of the respiratory tract caused or worsened by hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions to environmental allergens such as dust, pollen, mold, animal dander, or pollutants. These diseases occur when the immune system overreacts to substances that are usually harmless.

Common Allergic Respiratory Diseases:

1. Allergic Rhinitis ("hay fever")

• Involves the nose and upper airways
• Triggered by pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold, etc.
• Symptoms: Sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy eyes/nose/throat

2. Allergic Asthma

• A form of asthma triggered by allergens
• Involves airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction
• Symptoms: Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath

3. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (rare)

• Caused by repeated inhalation of organic dusts (e.g., moldy hay, bird droppings)
• Leads to inflammation in lung tissue (alveoli)
• Symptoms: Cough, breathlessness, fatigue, especially after exposure

Causes and Triggers:

• Environmental allergens: pollen, dust mites, animal dander, mold
• Occupational exposure: chemicals, fumes, animal proteins
• Air pollution and cigarette smoke
• Weather changes (especially cold air)

Prevention Tips:

• Use HEPA filters and dust-proof covers
• Keep living areas clean and dry
• Limit outdoor exposure during high pollen seasons
• Bathe pets regularly if allergic to animal dander
• Avoid perfumes, strong chemicals, and air fresheners