Bronchoscopy

Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that allows doctors to directly visualize the inside of the airways (trachea and bronchi) using a thin, flexible tube called a bronchoscope.

Why It's Done (Indications):

• Investigate persistent cough, blood in sputum, or abnormal chest X-ray/CT scan
• Diagnose lung infections, tumors, TB, or interstitial lung disease
• Take biopsies (tissue samples) from the lungs or airways
• Remove foreign bodies, mucus plugs, or tumors
• Lavage (washing out) part of the lung to collect samples

Types of Bronchoscopy:

1. Flexible Bronchoscopy (most common)

• Done under local anesthesia and mild sedation
• Outpatient or short-stay procedure
• Used for diagnostic and minor therapeutic purposes

2. Rigid Bronchoscopy

• Done under general anesthesia
• Used for removing large foreign bodies, tumors, or controlling heavy bleeding

What Can Be Done During Bronchoscopy:

• Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL): Saline is sprayed into the lung and collected for testing
• Transbronchial Biopsy: Taking small samples of lung tissue
• Endobronchial Biopsy: Biopsy of visible airway lesions
• Brushings & Washings: Collecting cells for cytology or microbiology
• Foreign body removal

How the Procedure Works:

• Patient is made to lie down or sit upright.
• Local anesthesia is sprayed into the nose or throat.
• A bronchoscope is gently inserted through the nose or mouth, into the windpipe and airways.
• Camera visuals guide the doctor to assess or intervene.
• The procedure usually takes 15–45 minutes.

Aftercare:

• Avoid eating/drinking until the numbing effect wears off (usually a few hours)
• Mild throat discomfort is normal
• Report difficulty breathing, chest pain, or fever immediately