Pediatric Pulmonology

Pediatric Pulmonology is a subspecialty of medicine focused on diagnosing and treating respiratory (lung and airway) diseases in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatric pulmonologists manage both common and complex respiratory problems in young patients, ensuring their lungs grow and function optimally.

Scope of Pediatric Pulmonology Includes:

1. Asthma in Children

• Most common chronic respiratory condition in children
• Symptoms: Wheezing, coughing (especially at night), breathlessness, chest tightness
• Management: Inhalers, trigger avoidance, asthma action plans

2. Recurrent Pneumonia / Chest Infections

• Frequent infections may indicate underlying immune issues or anatomical problems
• Requires thorough evaluation to prevent long-term damage

3. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

• A chronic lung condition in premature infants who required ventilator support
• Needs long-term follow-up, oxygen therapy, and nutritional support

4. Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

• A genetic disorder affecting lungs and digestive system due to thick mucus
• Managed with airway clearance techniques, enzyme supplements, and antibiotics

5. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

• Rare genetic condition where cilia (tiny hair-like structures in airways) don’t function properly
• Leads to chronic infections, sinusitis, and reduced lung function

6. Congenital Lung Malformations

• Includes structural anomalies like CPAM (congenital pulmonary airway malformation)
• May require surgery or monitoring depending on severity

7. Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

• Includes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children, often due to enlarged tonsils/adenoids
• May present as snoring, restless sleep, or daytime fatigue
• Treated with surgery or CPAP therapy

8. Foreign Body Aspiration

• Sudden onset of coughing or choking in toddlers due to inhaled objects
• Requires urgent removal, often via bronchoscopy

9. Allergic Respiratory Conditions

• Allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and environmental sensitivities
• Managed with medications, allergen avoidance, and possibly immunotherapy

Treatment Approach:

• Child-friendly and family-centered care
• Long-term monitoring of growth and development
• Multidisciplinary support: nutritionists, physiotherapists, allergists